fourth nerve palsy การใช้

• Diplopia from congenital fourth nerve palsy has occasionally been reported to manifest transiently during pregnancy.
• Cases of congenital fourth nerve palsy vary in magnitude and way they affect the motion of the superior oblique muscle.
• In all cases of congenital fourth nerve palsy, it is important to see an experienced strabismologist about management / treatment options.
• The clinical consequences of weakness in the superior oblique ( caused, for example, by fourth nerve palsies ) are discussed below.
• Congenital fourth nerve palsy may remain undetected until adulthood, when intermittent diplopia may arise, due to decompensated ability to overcome the vertical deviation.
• Congenital fourth nerve palsy may also become evident following cataract surgery once binocular vision is restored after a long period of progressive monocular visual loss and accompanying vergence decompensation.
• The characteristic appearance of patients with fourth nerve palsies ( head tilted to one side, chin tucked in ) suggests the diagnosis, but other causes must be ruled out.
• "' Congenital fourth nerve palsy "'is a condition present at birth characterized by a vertical misalignment of the eyes due to a weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique muscle.
• Congenital fourth nerve palsy can affect reading comprehension ( and concentration during other near tasks ) due to the increased vertical fusional demands and head tilting required to maintain single vision and prevent vertical diplopia.